MYANMAR TATMADAW ARMY BASIC SERVIVE DOCUMENTARY PART ONE
From Waiyum Tun
The Myanmar Army (Burmese: တပ်မတော်(ကြည်း); pronounced [taʔmədɔ̀ tɕí]) is the largest branch of the Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) of Myanmar (formerly Burma) and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in Southeast Asia after the People's Army of Vietnam.[8] It has clashed against ethnic and political insurgents since its inception in 1948.
Myanmar Armyတပ်မတော် (ကြည်း) (Burmese)lit. 'Armed Forces (Army)'
Founded1945; 79 years agoCountry
Myanmar (formerly Burma)TypeGround armySize- Volunteers: estimates vary, from less than 100,000[2] to 356,000[3]
- Draftees: ~5,000 (estimates of the first batch of the service)[4][5]
- Reserves: Border Guard Forces(23 battalions)[6] People’s militia groups(46 groups)[6] University Training Corps(5 corps)[7]
Myanmar Armed ForcesNickname(s)Tatmadaw (Kyee)Motto(s)- ရဲသော်မသေ၊ သေသော်ငရဲမလား။ ("If you are brave, you will not die, and if you die, hell will not come to you.")
- ရဲရဲတက်၊ ရဲရဲတိုက်၊ ရဲရဲချေမှုန်း။ ("Bravely charge, bravely fight, and bravely annihilate.")
- တပ်နှင့်ပြည်သူမြဲကြည်ဖြူ သွေးခွဲလာသူတို့ရန်သူ။ ("Military and the people in eternal unity, anyone attempting to divide them is our enemy.")
- Olive green
- Light green
- Red
- Desert
Senior General Min Aung HlaingDeputy Commander-in-Chief (Army)
Vice-Senior General Soe WinSpokesperson of the Commander-in-Chief (Army)
Major General Zaw Min TunNotablecommandersInsigniaFlag of the Myanmar Army
Shoulder sleeve of Office of the Commander-in-Chief of ArmyShoulder sleeve infantry and light infantry
Former flag (1948–1994)
The force is headed by the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Army, currently Vice-Senior General Soe Win, concurrently Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, with Senior General Min Aung Hlaing as the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. The highest rank in the Myanmar Army is Senior General, equivalent to field marshal in Western armies and is currently held by Min Aung Hlaing after being promoted from Vice-Senior General. With Major General Zaw Min Tun serving as the official spokesman for the Myanmar Army.
In 2011, following a transition from military government to civilian parliamentary government, the Myanmar Army imposed a military draft on all citizens: all males from age 18 to 35 and all females from 18 to 27 years of age can be drafted into military service for two years as enlisted personnel in time of national emergency. The ages for professionals are up to 45 for men and 35 for women for three years service as commissioned and non-commissioned officers.
The Government Gazette reported that 1.8 trillion kyat (about US$2 billion), or 23.6 percent of the 2011 budget was for military expenditures.[9]
American - Myanmar Diplomacy
In February 2020, Min Aung Hlaing, his wife Kyu Kyu Hla and with his close astrologer Vasipake Sayadaw placed the "Hti" umbrella atop Bagan's most powerful ancient Htilominlo Temple. The meaning of the temple name is "need the royal umbrella, need the King". He was following in the footsteps of some of Myanmar's most powerful political figures including his predecessor, Senior General Than Shwe. Many people believed that the ceremony was a yadaya and seeking divine blessings for his glory.[52]
In November 2020, Min Aung Hlaing made a series of public comments questioning the legitimacy of the upcoming 2020 election, in potential violation of the Civil Services Personnel Law.[53] On 5 November, the Tatmadaw declared that Min Aung Hlaing's rank is equivalent to Vice President of Myanmar.[54] After casting his ballot in the 2020 election, Min Aung Hlaing vowed to accept the election results.[55] The 2020 election saw NLD win in a larger landslide than in 2015, forestalling Min Aung Hlaing's political ambitions. In response, the military began intensifying allegations of electoral fraud and irregularities, submitting formal complaints to the Union Election Commission (UEC). On 27 January 2021, Min Aung Hlaing publicly remarked that he would not rule out a coup d'état and abolition of the constitution, if allegations of voter fraud during last year's election were not adequately addressed.[56] These comments sparked concern about another potential coup in the country.[57] The following day, the Union Election Commission issued a statement rejecting claims of electoral fraud, citing the lack of evidence submitted to substantiate these claims.[58] On 29 January, the military issued clarifying statements pledging to protect and abide by the constitution and applicable laws.[59]
On 1 February 2021, Min Aung Hlaing detained elected leaders including President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and declared himself as Commander-in-chief of Myanmar, one day before democratically-elected members of parliament were scheduled to be sworn in as members of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (Assembly of the Union). The following day, he established the State Administration Council (SAC) as the country's interim ruling body.[60][61]
On 22 May 2021, Min Aung Hlaing gave his first interview since the coup to Hong Kong-based Chinese language Phoenix Television. During the interview, he referred to deposed leader Aung San Suu Kyi and he said that she "is in good health. She is at her home and healthy. She is going to face trial at the court in a few days."[62] On the same day, Myanmar Now reported that shortly after the coup, Min Aung Hlaing appointed himself indefinitely as the commander-in-chief and therefore the de facto leader of Myanmar.[63]
Six months after the coup, on 1 August 2021, Min Aung Hlaing formed a caretaker government and established himself as the country's prime minister.[64][65][66] He also remains the Chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC).[67][68][69]
On 13 April 2023, Min Aung Hlaing was featured on TIME Magazine's list of the '100 Most Influential People of 2023.' [70] The acknowledgment highlighted his commanding presence during Myanmar's Armed Forces Day parade on 27 March 2023, emphasizing his control over the nation since the February 2021 coup d'état.[71] While controversies have arisen during his tenure, including a criticisms of specific campaigns and allegations of involvement in humanitarian concerns, his recognition reflects his significant impact on the nation.[72]
After four pro-democracy activists were executed on 24 July 2022, the chairman of the ASEAN, Hun Sen, UN representatives, and Western leaders condemned the executions.[73][74] On 7 September 2022, Min Aung Hlaing met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of an economic meeting in Eastern Economic Forum (EEF), in Vladivostok, eastern Russia, the first time that the pair have met since the coup.[75]
In January 2023, Min Aung Hlaing enacted a new electoral law aimed at rigging the next general election in favor of the military proxy party, the Union Solidarity and Development party (USDP).[76][77] He is himself considered a likely USDP nominee for President of Myanmar in the subsequent presidential election.[78]
Min Aung Hlaing refused to give up his emergency powers when they were constitutionally set to expire on 1 February 2023, further delaying new elections.[79][80]
In March 2023, Min Aung Hlaing made a rare public appearance at the Armed Forces Day parade stating that his government would continue to fight back against resistance groups in the country and their "acts of terror". General Hlaing called his critics supporters of terrorism.[81]
Starting in January 2024, multiple pro-military figures condemned Min Aung Hlaing for incompetence and excessive self-interest after the Tatmadaw suffered an unprecedented string of defeats during Operation 1027.[82] In February 2024, to address the Tatmadaw's personnel issues, Min Aung Hlaing activated Myanmar's 1959 conscription law for the first time, with plans to draft 60,000 young men and women.[19][83] Men aged 18–35 and women aged 18–27 will be required to serve up to five years under the state of emergency, or face five years imprisonment.[84]
In March 2024, Min Aung Hlaing claimed at the Armed Forces Day parade young people are being tricked into supporting the resistance against the military, and accused "some powerful nations" of trying to interfere with Myanmar’s internal affairs.[85]
While attending the Defence Services Academy during Thingyan, the traditional Myanmar New Year Water Festival, Min Aung Hlaing, the leader of the military coup, found himself in the crosshairs of danger. On 14 April 2024, at 9 PM, the Mandalay People's Defence Force (MDY PDF) launched a rocket attack using 107mm rockets. The attack, which targeted Pyin Oo Lwin Military University and Military Technological University, was a brazen attempt to eliminate him. Over 20 rockets were fired, with 17 of them exploding, narrowly missing their target. This harrowing incident not only highlighted the grave security threats faced by military personnel but also underscored the volatile and tense atmosphere prevailing in Myanmar during that period, adding to the ongoing turmoil and instability in the country.[86]
Min Aung Hlaing has courted enduring controversy for his family's extensive business assets and potential conflicts of interest.[87] He is a major shareholder in the army-owned Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (MEHL). During the 2010–11 fiscal year, he had owned 5,000 shares and received an annual dividend of $250,000 (~$341,079 in 2023).[88] He sits on MEHL's Patron Group, which runs the conglomerate.[89]
Min Aung Hlaing's son, Aung Pyae Sone, owns a number of companies, including Sky One Construction Company and Aung Myint Mo Min Insurance Company.[90] He also has a majority stake in Mytel, a national telecoms carrier.[90] In 2013, his son Aung Pyae Sone won a no-bid government permit well below market rates, for a 30-year lease on land at the Yangon People's Park for a high-end restaurant and art gallery, following his father's promotion to Commander-in-Chief.[91] Aung Pyae Sone also runs A&M Mahar, which offers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals and customs clearance services for drugs and medical devices.[92] Myanmar's customs department is led by Kyaw Htin, a former MEHL director.[92]
His daughter Khin Thiri Thet Mon founded a major film studio, 7th Sense Creation, in 2017.[93] That same year, his daughter-in-law, Myo Yadanar Htaik, founded another entertainment company, Stellar Seven Entertainment.[93] The American Embassy, Yangon came under media scrutiny in December 2020, for collaborating with 7th Sense Creation, because Min Aung Hlaing is technically subject to US economic sanctions.[94]
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